Forensic Sciences
[Abbr: Acd. Jr. AJFSc]Analysis of adulterants in prepared bhang from different Authorized bhang shops
by Shrawan Kumar Sadawarti, Dr. Lav Kesharwani, A.K. Jain, Dr. Vaibhav Saran, A.K Gupta
Cannabis is a tall, erect, annual, dioecious herb, provided with an open sunny environment, light, well-drained composted soil and ample irrigation. Bhang is obtained from cut tops of uncultivated plants and is least potent. The potency depends upon the concentration of Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It is a narcotic drug and is analgesic in nature. Bhang is prepared by crushing the leaf of cannabis plant and its effects are described as sedative, stimulant and hallucinogenic. In present time, the adulterants like Dhatura, Tobacco or chemical substances such as sleeping pills are added to increase or decrease its quality or quantity for benefits. These adulterants are harmful for human body and sometimes it becomes toxic. Therefore, the present study was carried out with the objective of examining the adulterants present in the collected samples of Bhang through several chemical tests and chromatographic methods. The results were both positive and negative that indicated the presence and absence of the adulterants respectively. More than 50% samples were found to be adulterated with Dhatura and tobacco alkaloids. Keywords- Cannabis, Bhang, Nicotine, Sedative, Hallucinogenic, Stimulant,
Establishment of PMI through Succession or Presence of Beetle in Forensic Investigation
by Geetam Shukla, Ranjeet K. Singh
Nowadays with access to various fast-moving vehicles as well as increasing tendency of people living alone whenever a crime involving death of a person occurs the bodies are found lying in remote areas after many days when the crime occurred in that case Post Mortem Interval is the most source for clue to get leads on the time line of crime. PMI i.e. Post-Mortem Interval also known as Time Since Death is most important enigma, which has always successfully bedazzled an investigator or a forensic pathologist to determine the correct sequence in which the crime took place. The dead body does not always follow a strict rule towards the different stages of decomposition in regards to the time interval. The temperature, mode of death, food ingested, BMI i.e. Body Mass Index and other environmental factors also influence, the stages observed at different times and often in such scenario forensic entomology is referenced but sometimes, it is not possible to find blow flies or maggots after certain time period. In present study, the main focus is on establishing the post mortem interval through succession of hister sp. and other ground beetles in not only at different stages of decomposition also in different habitats and environmental factors on carcasses found on surfaces but also from exhume bodies. Keywords: Beetles, Histeridae, Post-mortem interval, Body mass Index, Succession, Exhume bodies, Exhumation.
How the Movement of the Body and the Firearm Weapon helped to prove an Incident to be a Case of Suicide
by Arun Kumar
Crime scene reconstruction is a process in which the action or events, occurred at the scene are determined or eliminated through the analysis of location and position of evidence present at scene. Reconstruction process of the crime scene can help the investigating agencies to conclude the findings to a logical end. Sometimes, the facts at hand seem to be contradictory at the preliminary level, which then, are conformed to the reality in the reconstruction process, which includes the four basic principles i.e. recognition, identification, individualization and reconstruction used in forensic examination of evidence. In this study, one such case of firing, the reconstruction approach was used for deciding the case. The knowledge of linear and angular momentum of physics was used as tool for reconstruction approach in the case under study. Keywords: Impact, Inertia, Recoil Momentum, Point of Intersection, Ricochet, Droplets, Scattering
Comparative Study of Morphological Features of Hair in Five State of India For Forensic Consideration
by Deepshikha Singh, Dr. Lav Kesharwani, A.K. Jain, A.K Gupta
Hair is the most frequently found trace evidence in the crime cases. It assists in establishing a relation between a crime scene, a victim and a criminal. Morphology of hair can be helpful in forensic investigations to distinguish hair. In this context for the purpose of analysis, medulla, inner cuticle margin (distinct, indistinct & varied), cuticle thickness & scaling pattern were considered. Five different states (Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, Bengal, Jharkhand and Nagaland) were selected to analyze the structural similarity and dissimilarity from each other. Compound microscope was used for the purpose of observation. There was significant difference between five states of India. The purpose of study was to develop a data base by analyzing the cuticle thickness, inner cuticle margin, medulla, & scaling pattern in human head hair in different states of India to narrow down forensic analysis in crime scene investigation. Keywords: Morphological Features of Hair, Forensic Consideration
Determination of Origin of species – A Somatoscopic Study of hair from Human and Animal origin
by Ankit Tripathi, Ranjeet K. Singh, Nirja Singh
In forensic investigation hair is the most important trace evidence, which is commonly found on the scene of the crime. With increasing crime and knowledge of various evidence type and their investigation method being spread to even a common man (population) through the advent of internet and various documentary movies in the past 5 to 6 years. The animals and are aware of ins & outs of various conventional means of identification adherence the need for conventional means of investigation to relate the criminal with the crime scene has become an unavoidable concern for investigating officer. On such unconventional means of evidence to relate the crime scene with criminal, here can be used in this study we have tried established not only the most distinguished morphological features between humans and animals hair but also explored the possibility of creating a local database to refer in accordance with case of hair samples of certain animals from certain geographical region and are formed on the person of suspect, so that the suspect can be identified or the presence of the suspect on the crime scene from detailed examination of hair sample acquired. Keyword: Geographical region, Morphological feature, human hair animal hair, Suspect, Crime Scene.